Both the traditional work of the forestry services and tree plantings by farmers are needed, says the author, if deforestation is to be halted and reversed. About 31% of earths land surface is covered by forests. Request pdf total soil organic carbon increases but becomes more labile after afforestation in chinas loess plateau afforestation of cropland is recommended as an effective approach to. The afforestation, reforestation and forest restoration arr programs undertaken by china, india, and south korea the subjects of this study achieved more than 12 gtco 2 of carbon removals over the past two decades. Meaning, importance and current efforts matter of trust. Pdf the relationships of afforestation and the water cycle is the subject of this chapter. This should be related to the highest soc lability and substrate availability of paddy fields among all land uses, because labile soc is fastcycling and can be easily accessed by microbes as temperature. The species of trees planted shall assist to combat. As the 21st century continues forests are likely to have dramatic shifts in composition and overall growth and development. This is not to be confused with afforestation, which also refers to the planting or replanting of trees, however it refers to the planting of trees in. Afforestation is the effort to plant trees in barren lands so as to create a forest. What is less uncertain is that the amount of new planting afforestation. Afforestation vs reforestation the brain bank north west.
Apr 25, 2017 defining afforestation and reforestation both afforestation and reforestation involve growing trees to establish a forest cover on nonforested ground. Afforestation and reforestation in the clean development mechanism 323 1 introduction under the agreement reached at the seventh session of the conference of parties to the. Deforestation and forest degradation are the second leading cause of global warming, responsible for about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Reforestation can be used to rectify or improve the quality of human life by soaking up pollution and dust from the air, rebuild natural habitats and ecosystems, mitigate global warming since forests facilitate biosequestration of. Guidebook for the formulation of afforestation and reforestation projects under the clean development mechanism itto technical series 25 by timothy pearson, sarah walker and sandra brown the international tropical timber organization itto is an intergovernmental organization promoting the conservation and sustainable management. Afforestation in israel reclaiming ecosystems and combating. Afforestation and reforestation projects under the. Moreover, this conversion of semiarid lands into forests makes them more sustainable and prevents soil erosion too. These trees shall prevent soil erosion that is taking place along mulunguzi river.
Pdf forest conservation, afforestation and reforestation in india. Guidebook for the formulation of afforestation and. For more details on the application process, including relevant state offset project application instructions and materials, please see the application process page. The scheme of plantation of new forest is called afforestation. Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands forestation that have been depleted, usually through deforestation. The mediterranean region has a yearly average rainfall of over 400 mm, which in the north may reach 1,000 mm or more. The decline of the raven, corvus corax, in relation to.
Under this scheme, newly planted forests are carefully supervised to protect against forest fires. Reforestation refers to the replanting of trees on land that has previously had trees, but where these were cut down recently. Afforestation definition, advantages, and disadvantages. Read this article to learn about the afforestation and reafforestation in india. Afforestation, reforestation and avoidance of deforestation are recognized as methods for reducing anthropogenic global warming by the united. Afforestation is the process of planting trees, or sowing seeds, in a barren land devoid. Total soil organic carbon increases but becomes more labile. One potentially huge drawback of afforestation is the simple fact that it comes with real opportunity cost, where the transformed lands can no longer be used residential developments and agriculture that are highly beneficial to the society through more supply of food and housing for those who need them. Afforestation means establishing the stand of trees or a forest in a particular open area where no one had established a tree in past reforestation means reestablishment of the area under forest, it can be done by natural means like seeding, root suckers or coppice or by. Guidebook for the formulation of afforestation and reforestation.
Ratcliffet institute of terrestrial ecology, 12 hope terrace, morningside, edinburgh eh9 2as and t nature conservancy. Afforestation, reforestation and avoidance of deforestation are recognized as methods for. Sometimes, trees that are planted extract a lot of moisture from the soil and impact growth of other plants in the area. Promote afforestation to improve climate change globalgiving. Afforestation refers to the conversion of wasteland into a woodland or forest. It also helps local businesses to increase the supply of its products while also benefiting the local economy. Seven state governments in the midwest planted a total of over 27,000,000 trees on reclaimed mining land over the past couple of decades osm 2006.
As nouns the difference between afforestation and deforestation is that afforestation is the act or process of creating a new forest where none had existed before, or reforestation of areas long deforested while deforestation is the process of destroying a forest and replacing it with something else. Forests consume more water than other land use types but. Japan and its impact on southeast asia deforestation. Afforestation and reforestation in mediterranean and semiarid zones israel is divided into three phytogeography regions. Research is also being carried out to ascertain the type of trees that grow best. While afforestation can restore previously forested areas and help to remove carbon dioxide, it can have detrimental effects on species diversity and agriculture profits. In china the existing afforestation projects increased the forest area in 2 mha. A 11 seedling is more expensive, but it may be worth the extra cost in terms of better survival and faster growth. Large afforestation programs have been undertaken, and in 2010 the afforested area accounted for more than 264 mha 1 mha10 6 ha.
The most concentrated deforestation occurs in tropical rainforests. Changes in soil carbon sequestration and soil respiration. Advantages and disadvantages of afforestation sciencing. Afforestation is the process of planting trees, or sowing seeds, in a barren land devoid of any trees to create. Afforestation is the process of introducing trees and tree seedlings to an area that has previously not been forested. This can be achieved by ensuring that deforestation is kept to a minimum and afforestation only occurs on truly degraded land. On the other hand, on hot, dry sites a smaller stock type may be. Afforestation is the reverse of deforestation and includes. Jul 14, 2010 download pdf in their correspondence, cao et al. Similarly, reforestation can be considered a form of afforestation.
The jc should continue to exchange information on afforestation practices, regulations and supportive. When we practice afforestation in areas that had no forests, it gives us benefits of its own. Afforestation and reforestation in india your article library. However, the generally positive effects of afforestation on regional climate. Afforestation planting trees to mitigate climate change could cause warming rather than cooling globally due to noncarbon effects of land use change, according to new research from the. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. There is desperate need for more research into areas of land before trees are planted upon them. Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees forestation in an area where there was no previous tree cover. Afforestation and reforestation in the clean development. Afforestation and reforestation for climate change. However, possible negative impacts must also be taken into account in order to protect the planet as a whole.
Afforestation is also found to strongly depend on the pressure upon land as well as on household wealth. Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees forestation in an area where there was no previous tree cover many government and nongovernmental organizations directly engage in programs of afforestation to create forests, increase carbon capture sometimes special tools, such as a tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster. Should the role of afforestation in climate change. Beijing plans to carry out more afforestation in 20. Although afforestation increased total soc, it also resulted in more soil labile organic c fractions in chinas loess plateau. Afforestation may imbalance ecosystems that play important roles, such as the savannas in africa. They play a pretty important role when it comes to decreasing the greenhouse effects. Jan 14, 2017 list of disadvantages of afforestation. Afforestation is the process of planting trees, or sowing seeds, in a barren land devoid of. Calculations of the financial profitability of a pulpwood plantation established on imperata grasslands in indonesia show, for example. Afforestation cools more or less nature geoscience. It is important because it helps check the overuse of natural resources by providing an alternative source pool. Furthermore, afforestation also constitutes more job opportunities. Larger seedlings can withstand more deer browse and are better able to compete with fastgrowing shrubs.
The decrease of agricultural viability and the objective to increase. Afforestation in the midwestern united states lcluc. Nigerias wildlife is rapidly declining due to habitat loss, increased pressure from hunters, poachers and bush burning, says vision 2010 report. Philadephia foundation shall pay community men and women to plant 25,000 trees of different species in all farms owned by peasant farmers that are along river banks covering water springs and bare mountains where there are source of rivers in balaka district.
Afforestation, restoration and regeneration not all. Afforestation, restoration and regeneration not all trees. Afforestation of marginal land has relied primarily on native species with special emphasis on high value lumber species, such as oak and pecan being favored for both wood value and wildlife habitat. Reforestation and afforestation carbon sequestration 101. Afforestation is the process of establishing a forest on land where there is no forest, by planting trees or sowing their seeds and caring continually until the trees grow collectively as a whole into a forest as planned.
Economic changes and afforestation incentives in rural. These large, sustained governmental arr programs provide evidence for. Afforestation means establishing the stand of trees or a forest in a particular open area where no one had established a tree in past reforestation means reestablishment of the area under forest, it can be done by natural means like seeding, root suckers or coppice or by artificial efforts by planting or direct seeding. If an afforestation or reforestation project is perceived as being an impediment to local livelihoods, it may create an incentive for illegal harvesting or clearing, also threatening the permanence of carbon sequestration. Beijing plans to carry out more afforestation in 20 china. The results clearly suggested that soc sequestered by paddy rice cropping was more sensitive to temperature increases than by afforestation. Want to plant forests in areas where they naturally occur. Afforestation and plantation forestry food and agriculture. Afforestation vs deforestation whats the difference. Reforestation is the alteration of a nonforested area to a forested. Benefits of afforestation afforestation refers to the conversion of wasteland into a woodland or forest. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. Afforestation and reforestation activities enjoy high attention at the policy agenda as measures for carbon sequestration in order to mitigate climate change. Although afforestation increased total soc, it also resulted in more soil labile organic c.
The kansas department of health and surface mining section noted that more than 10,045 trees were planted on over 23 acres of former surface mining land between 2001 and 2006 osm 2006. Afforestation for restoration of land and climate change. Marsfm working paper 5 2007 forestry department food and agriculture organization of the united nations manual on deforestation, degradation, and fragmentation using remote sensing and gis prepared by giri tejaswi rome, march 2007 strengthening monitoring, assessment and reporting on sustainable forest management in asia gcpint988jpn. Afforestation can be done through tree planting and seeding, naturally or artificially. According to the intergovernmental panel for climate change ipcc, reforestation is the establishment of forest cover in a place, where the forests have been cleared away in the recent past to. Deforestation, clearance, clearcutting or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land which is then converted to a nonforest use. Pdf afforestation strategies with respect to forestwater. Afforestation definition, advantages, and disadvantages toppr. More complex plantation forestry explicitly recognises that wood is not the only product. Appendices a, b and c provide more specific information aimed at assisting the user of the manual in advancing his understanding of the features of an ar cdm.